A Review On Omaveloxolone

Omaveloxolone is a semisynthetic triterpenoid used to treat friedreich’s ataxia. It is the second generation oleananetriterpenoid Nrf2 inducer with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It is currently used to test in medical trials for freidreich’s ataxia, a genetic, multi –organ disease involving mitochondrial dysfunction. It is a nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) activator. It is reviewed under Food and Drug Administration and it has the potential to first approved treatment for friedreich’s ataxia. Omaveloxolone is not the cure for friedreich’s ataxia, it is the first agent targeting to reach NDA submission. It is the rational and potent therapy that is probably disease modifying in the treatment of friedreich’s ataxia. Omaveloxolone (RTA-408) is an Nrf2 activator, which decreases the susceptibility of cells through oxidative stress and it leads to cell death and tissue degradation. It is good tolerated not having any significant long term adverse effects. Treatment with RTA-408 remarkably improved in the neurological function, it is measured by modified Freidreich’s Ataxia Rating Scale

Knowledge, attitude and practice of research ethics among medical faculty in a teaching hospital

Background: To assess the knowledge, attitudes and practice of medical faculty regarding research ethics and research ethics committees (RECs).Methods: A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was conducted in ESIC medical colleges in Bangalore among faculty using a validated questionnaire. Questions were designed to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practice of medical faculty regarding research ethics and research ethics committees. Statistical analysis was done using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests.Results: Majority (76%) of faculty had not undergone training in research ethics. Less than half of the participants answered correctly to a question on guidelines in research ethics, 60% responded correctly to question on research involving children. Majority responded correctly to question on role of a research ethics committee and confidentiality, informed consent and to question on composition of Institutional Ethics Committee. 68% taught that ethical review of research by an ethics committee would delay research. >90% were favourable towards research ethics training. Faculty held attitudes regarding certain research ethics practices that were not optimal, 96% believed that it is okay to fabricate data, 68% taught that if no surrogate is available to give informed consent for vulnerable groups, they could still be included.Conclusions: We conclude that among the medical faculties participating in our study, there is acceptance of RECs and training in research ethics, while there are knowledge gaps in research ethics guidelines, research involving children. There is need to train researchers and students to make them aware about various aspects of research

ANTI HYPERGLYCAEMIC AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF CATUNAREGAM SPINOSA (THUNB) AGAINST DEXAMETHASONE INDUCED DIABETES IN RATS

Objective: The study was aimed at evaluating the folkloric use of the Catunaregam spinosa (Thunb) bark for its hypoglycaemic and antioxidant activity against dexamethasone-induced diabetes in wistar rats. Methods: Diabetes was induced in wistar rats by dexamethasone administration 10 mg/kg, b. wt., s. c for 11 consecutive days to all group animals (except Group I). After confirmation of diabetes, the animals were divided into 5 groups (n=6). Group I: Vehicle control treated with normal saline only, Group II: Diabetic control treated with dexamethasone only, Group III: Standard control treated with dexamethasone plus glibenclamide (5 mg/kg, b. wt., p. o), Group IV and V: Test control received dexamethasone plus ethanolic extract of Catunaregam spinosa (EECS) at graded doses of 200 mg/kg, b. wt. and 400 mg/kg, b. wt., p. o for 21days respectively. On the last day of the experiment, the effect of Catunaregam spinosa bark was measured by estimating the biochemical and antioxidant parameters. Results: There was a significant alteration in the serum glucose, HbA1c, total proteins, serum lipid profile and tissue antioxidant parameters in dexamethasone-treated animals when compared to the normal control rats. In test groups treated with glibenclamide and EECS, it was significantly ameliorated the altered parameters such as serum glucose, HbA1c, total proteins, serum lipid profile and the antioxidant parameters like SOD, CAT, GSH and MDA when compared to dexamethasone-treated animals with evidence of histopathological studies of the pancreas. Conclusion: The results indicated that the ethanolic extract of Catunaregam Spinosa (Thunb) bark has shown the hypoglycemic and antioxidant property

OXIDATIVE STRESS IN ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE–EVALUATING THE AMYLOID BETA HYPOTHESIS

Dementia is defined by the debilitation of cognition and behavior of individuals more than 65 y. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most pervasive pervasive form of dementia, afflicting around 47 million individuals worldwide. Oxidative damage is a significant component in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Assessment of Alzheimer's disease mind has shown a lot of oxidative harm, related with both trademark pathologies (senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles) just as in typical seeming pyramidal neurons. By the by, the process that eventually causes disruption of redox balance and furthermore the origin of the free radicals are as yet hazy. There is likewise the accessibility of proof that oxidative stress may enhance the conglomeration and production of Aβ and furthermore help the polymerization just as phosphorylation of tau, subsequently making a pernicious cycle that invigorates the development and even commencement of Alzheimer's. These neurotic trademarks have complex proportional collaborations with cholinergic abrasions. This review may give complemental data for understanding the relationship between oxidative stress, amyloid plaques, tau proteins and cholinergic system in processing of AD

Rare metastasis of carcinoma ovary

This is a case report of a 64 year old para 5 operated 2 years back for ovarian papillary adenocarcinoma presenting 2 years later with cutaneous metastases over anterior abdominal wall.

Breakthrough Studies of Methyl Salicylate and DMMP Mixed in Methyl Salicylate with Pressure Swing Adsorption Composed of 13X Molecular Sieves

A test procedure for pressure swing adsorption (PSA) was established and elucidated for the air purification using methyl salicylate (MeS) and 5% (v/v) dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP) in MeS containing air stream as feed. The effect of feed flow rate was studied by varying the flow from 5 lpm to 20 lpm, for both the molecules at 25 oC and 4 kg/cm2. The results revealed that the flow rate had a significant influence on the breakthrough time. A method was developed for the determination of feed, purge, and dry air composition, by the solvent extraction method using the XAD-2 and the average concentrations reported. The 13X molecular sieves were characterised for its structural and textural properties such as BET- SA, XRD, and FT-IR. The temperature programmed desorption of DMMP and MeS on 13X clearly demonstrated that it was easily regenerated at ~320 °C after prolonged field operation of PSA. The PSA results obtained with PSA composed molecular sieves appeared to give promising technology for air purification and specifically to the chemical warfare agents simulants

A comparative study of free laccase and laccase immobilized in copper alginate

214-223Enzyme immobilization has gained considerable attention due to the incredible properties exhibited by the enzymes in immobilized condition. Therefore, in the present study, a comparative analysis of free and immobilized laccase is reported using various substrates. The ideal substrate for immobilization was found to be copper alginate with an immobilization yield of 91.078%. The optimum pH was 4 and 5, respectively, for free and immobilized enzymes while the optimum temperature was found to be 50 and 60C, respectively. The kinetic parameters Vmax and Km were found from the Line weaver-Burk plot and were 48.076 U/mL and 0.480 mM for free enzyme while 55.55 U/mL and 1.277 mM for the immobilized enzyme, respectively. The catalytic efficiency Kcat was found as 100.01s1 for free enzyme and 43.5s1 for itsimmobilized counterpart. Out of the various metal ions used, Co2+ was found to enhance the activity of an immobilized enzymes. The storage stability of the enzyme was studied and was found that only 32.44% of initial activity was retained by free enzyme whereas, 70.21% of activity was retained by immobilized enzyme upon storage for four weeks at 4C. The thermal stability studies shows that the immobilized enzyme retained 32.60% of its initial activity and the free enzyme retained 1.14% of initial activity on exposure to 60C for 3 h. Finally, the reusability of immobilized laccase beads was evaluated by decolorization of methyl orange for five repeated cycles and a percentage decolorization of 32.04% could be retained at the fifth cycle. This study therefore, suggests copper alginate-immobilized beads to be an effective option for various application

Analyzing the dose-dependence of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae global transcriptional response to methyl methanesulfonate and ionizing radiation

BACKGROUND: One of the most crucial tasks for a cell to ensure its long term survival is preserving the integrity of its genetic heritage via maintenance of DNA structure and sequence. While the DNA damage response in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a model eukaryotic organism, has been extensively studied, much remains to be elucidated about how the organism senses and responds to different types and doses of DNA damage. We have measured the global transcriptional response of S. cerevisiae to multiple doses of two representative DNA damaging agents, methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and gamma radiation. RESULTS: Hierarchical clustering of genes with a statistically significant change in transcription illustrated the differences in the cellular responses to MMS and gamma radiation. Overall, MMS produced a larger transcriptional response than gamma radiation, and many of the genes modulated in response to MMS are involved in protein and translational regulation. Several clusters of coregulated genes whose responses varied with DNA damaging agent dose were identified. Perhaps the most interesting cluster contained four genes exhibiting biphasic induction in response to MMS dose. All of the genes (DUN1, RNR2, RNR4, and HUG1) are involved in the Mec1p kinase pathway known to respond to MMS, presumably due to stalled DNA replication forks. The biphasic responses of these genes suggest that the pathway is induced at lower levels as MMS dose increases. The genes in this cluster with a threefold or greater transcriptional response to gamma radiation all showed an increased induction with increasing gamma radiation dosage. CONCLUSION: Analyzing genome-wide transcriptional changes to multiple doses of external stresses enabled the identification of cellular responses that are modulated by magnitude of the stress, providing insights into how a cell deals with genotoxicity

A New Technique to find the effect of Active Power Loading on Voltage Stability and Algorithm to improve Voltage Stability of Radial and Meshed Power Systems

This paper will analyze the impact of active power on voltage stability of radial and meshed systems and a new algorithm is proposed which would indicate the amount and location at which the active power is to be reduced to improve the voltage stability of entire power system or set of buses that are prone to voltage instability. A new sensitivity matrix named Active Power L-Index sensitivity matrix is been proposed. The proposed approach is simple and easy to be implemented into large power systems. The proposed approach has been applied to several Indian rural distribution networks and IEEE 14-bus test system which demonstrated applicability of the proposed approach. Index Terms- L-index matrix, Jacobian matrix, sensitivity, Active Power L-Index sensitivity matri